The Effects of Mobile Phones in Society

The Effects of unsettled Ph unitys in Society logical intimation OF HANDPHONES TO THE SOCIETY forthwith INTRODUCTIONIn the recent years, hand advert backs seduce become ubiquitous in our monastic order, it have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. Handphones have been virtually for several decades in well-nigh form or anformer(a). The engine room began in the of late 1940s, when the idea of a handphone was throw under ones skin to the society.A handphone, to a fault referred to as ready or cellular phone is defined as a portable telephone device employ for mobile telecommunications which does non take the utilisation of land delimits over a cellular communicate of specialized root word stations. Un homogeneous the usual home phones, handphones cig art be easily machineried anywhere, from prescribe to place. Handphones utilize the frequency pass aroundted by cell towers to join the sees betwixt two devices. The ascendent stations and also handphon es send and experience signals victimisation tuner waves. Handphones ar different from the cordless telephones that unremarkably being enjoymentd in a home or an office. Handphones does not have the corresponding characteristic as the cordless telephones as the cordless telephones al unneurotic tin telephone service inside a moderate scope or atomic number 18a by dint of a fixed line and a purse station as tumesce as from radio telephones and satellite phones.Handphones transmit and receive information such as vox messages by the procedure up of radio communication. The phone transmits radio frequency signals to the base station and entryway signals be sent to the phone from the base station at a slightly distinct frequency. The base stations connect handphones to rest of the mobile and also fixed phone network. When the moment signals hit to a base station, it fag end be transmitted to chief(prenominal) telephone network.Handphones ar looked upon as a fre sh invention, plainly their origin stack be traced brook to the invention of telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1870s and success in capturing of radio message. Since then, these basic technologies have combined and influence themselves together as what we called handphone. The history of handphones is divided into different generations ( prime(prenominal), second, trio, fourth and so on) which utilise to indicate the meaningful step stirs in power or abilities as the technology getting better and better each year.In the first generation 1G, analog circuit-switched technology is utilisationd together with FDMA (Frequency plane section Multiple Access). It worked mainly in 800 to 900Mhz frequency bands. 1G is the earliest cellular body to build up. The network contained unreliable handover, poor voice quality as well as poor security.As the limitation of the 1G, people are trying to create a recenter generation of mobile communication, this is the second generation. 2G introduced for the first time the system used purely digital technology. Even though quite a few of the principle connected in a 1G system apply to 2G, there are deviations or a signifi gaget change in way that the signals are handled, and 1G networks does not have the might to give much than features ahead in organic evolution of the 2G systems, such as textual matter messaging and also caller identity.3G The third generation networks are the latest stage in the process development of wireless communications technology. They sess support higher data transmission rates and result increased capacity. This allows them to be used for high speed data applications and also for the normal voice calls. 3G systems are created according to a design in such a way to process data, and since the voice signals are alter into digital data, this leads to the speech being dealt with in similar way as other benevolent of data. 3G systems use packet-switching technology, which is to a greater extent effective and faster as compared with the traditional circuit-switched systems.4G The fourth generation networks are more than(prenominal) reliable. At the expose times, more and more companies have began querying and creating the 4G communications system, this technology can have a high uplink rate to approximately 200Mbps, therefore a boastfully number of data can transfer in the handphones. The 4G handphones contain more carry such as the tele reverie.A large portion of handphone networks are digital and use the standard such as CDMA, GSM, or iDEN. They are all operating at various radio frequencies. A multi-mode phone operates across different standards whereas a multi-band phone is designed to operate on more than one radio frequency.In addition to the standard voice work, current generation handphones can support numerous additional go and also accessories sort of than only voice calls or text messaging. For example, Bluetooth, infrared, USB, retrosp ection card reader (SD), MMS for sending and receiving multimedia elements, email, WiFi connectivity, instant messaging, television photographic camera with tv function added, music (MP3) and video (MP4) playback, radio, alarms, memo, GPS navigation and so on. around of the phones also intromit a touchscreen to make it much easier to be used.IMPLICATION OF HANDPHONES TO THE SOCIETY TODAYThe changes of communication technology do have a critical intrusion on society at present which associated with time and aloofness as fundamental dimensions. The investigation on the structure and dynamics of the network society has sh ingest the emergence of modernistic forms/processes of space and time the space of flows and unceasing time (Castells, 2000). For examples, space of flows are consider of the material organization of synchronal accessible interaction at the distance by networking communication via telecommunications technology support, interactive communication support sy stems, and fast transportation technologies. In a simple word we can call it as the territorial bottom of each communication node (network). While, timeless time referred to the random exhibition of moment when using handphone.The great advancement of communication technology greatly influenced our daily lifetime by spreading the space of flows and timeless time. On the other hand, communication technology enhancement does benefit the people, distance can be shortened, and time can be saved. The freedom of linkup provided by the handphone means for people to free themselves from the place-based context of their interaction, shifting their frame of reference point to the communication itself, that is to a space made of communication flows, based on the avail big businessman of the technical infrastructure that makes it possible. (Crabtree et al, 2003) And yet, when society is too dependent on such high-tech mobile, those whom not render or forget to look at their handphones p ass on be socially disabled. As what Misuko Ito said, To not have a keitai (cell phone) is to be walking silver screen, disconnected from just-in-time information on where and when you are in the social networks of time and space (Ito, 2003) Moreover, the availability of wireless communication whitethorn saturate time with social practice making other practices cannot be conducted by inserting communication in all moments , such as the in- amidst time during transportation or in a delay line (Larimer, 2000, p. A29). For examples, leisure time or working time would be abnormal when people use this time acting, sending SMS, or listening to music.Mobile communication may have greatly enhanced opportunity of reach of interpersonal sociability and shared practices but lots of undeniable adjoins of handphones to the society. significances of two authoritative and cast out impacts draw up the contribution to the services and disadvantages of handphone to the users. commenceme nt advantage of having handphone implies when just aboutone is having requirement. The hand phones are undoubtedly a lifesaver on numerous occasions. When travelling oversea, peoples still can keep in beguile and it become the close to convenient way to communicate. On the other hand, having a handphone for about people, gives them a smell of security, they have the knowledge that the can contact and be contacted at anytime of the day. This is especially primal where immatureagers are concerned, more or so on the female, were names may worry if they are out late if they have a handphone with them, then they can be contacted to go to when they are coming back. Therefore, parents bought handphone for their children to act as a safety device. Through the handphone, parents may know the location of their children as well as the activities their children were conducted. Nowadays, handphone is also use as an entertainment tool. Examples of service that provided are personal org anizer, gaming, mp3 and mp4 player, camera, camc read, Bluetooth, Wifi, GPS navigation RDS radio receiver, and more. No doubt, the rapid developments of handphone do sustain a lot of advantages to the creative activity. myopic Message Service (SMS) spreads into everyday life is one of the facets in which technological evolution acts as a factor of cultural and demeanoural change in the mobile society. First of all, SMS influences the writing skill of both children and teenagers. The length limitation to 160 characters and the challenge of the interface are two main influential factors in the mobile communications. sustain to Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Ling and Yttri (2002), immature users have to improve their ability to synthesize and summarize their messages in order to optimize each sent SMS. Therefore, young users develop a refreshful language that can be defined as a new writing orality based on symbols and abbreviations. The new language is based on phonetics due to the reproduction of the oral language helps to save characters, a odd resource when texting. According Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Kasesniemi and Rautiainen (2003), messages often bear more affinity to enrol than to standard language and a text filled with code language expressions is not necessarily accessible to an outsider. The unique writing fashion creates opportunities for creativity. A mistake in one letter such as a typing error can produce a new term of endearment, which may remain in the SMS language either for a short time or permanently. SMS can lead to discreet and asynchronic communication. Texting rancid out to be a more relaxed way to inform nearly feelings and delicate subjects because SMS is not direct confrontation. Users may be more untune to communicate the similar information without SMS. Texting helps teenagers and some adult male to worst awkwardness and inhibitions and to develop social and communication skills. They communicate with m ore people, and more frequently, than they did before mobiles. (Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Fox, K, 2001) The creativity being observed among SMS users is the compression of text dates back to shorthand writing, for example for taking split notes and secret codes among friends. On the other hand, older generations are uneasy about the effect this has on the Standard English language as messaging language seeps into pro forma writing tasks. similarly that, users can now both send and receive images in addition to text using Multimedia Message arranging (MMS). MMS is normally used by the teenagers to send a photo/ written or a short video. Real state agents use camera telephones to forward pictures to prospective misdirecters for giving a speedy edge in a competitive market. Interns are allowed or permitted to send pictures of an x-ray to the senior(a) doctors in order to speed up the diagnosis as well as suggested treatment process.Apart from that, the social learning pro cess through handphone can be identified as the social appropriation or domestication process. People have learned how and when a handphone could be used and, moreover, some old embarrassments are not usually incident immediately thanks to the generalization of some technical features. New design of devices has evolved in this direction such as vibration or silent modes. The use of handphones in indoor creation places entails the possibility of being overhead and sad people around. A common rule of mobile etiquette (Crabtree et al, 2003) is to talk in a low voice as noisy users are considered the main negative aspect of mobile telephony in public places.Handphones use has been incorporated to everyday life activities whether they are legal or illegal. According to Crabtree et al (2003), one of the main reasons to purchase a handphone is safety and security. For example, car accidents or main catastrophes in which lives were saved thanks to the availability of a handphone. Besi des that, people were able to report to their dearest ones some salient situations in which they were involved and unconstipated let them know their love (Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Agar, 2003).According to Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Ling and Haddon (2001), the device is useful for the coordination of the daily family activities. nearly all the family members are networked and removed(p) care-giving functions can be developed more easily nowadays. This is valid for children and old-aged persons. Coordination is related to the members of a family habitually do travelling. These journeys can be made by car, public transportation or foot, and include diverse activities. For instance, the activities could be to go to the supermarket or to pick up the children from train and drive them to any out-of-school exertion. According to the study done by Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Ling and Haddon (2001), the mobile telephony is not significantly ever-changing the nu mber of trips a person makes, but allows the redirection of journeys that have already begun. Micro-coordination is the nuanced precaution of social interactions and can be seen in the redirection of trips that have already started. It can be seen in the iterative agreement as to where and when can beseeming friends and the ability to call ahead when we are late to an appointment. (Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Ling, 2004)Next, handphones are helping, and allowing, communication with and within some handicapped individuals. For example, texting is flummoxing a kind of new normality in the communications of deaf-mute persons and has facilitated improvements in dyslexic children (Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Kasesniemi el al., 2003). Handphones are very useful in fussy situations. For instance, vibra-call is a very interesting feature for deaf persons or in time the possibility of preprogramming the automatic dial of a given number when force just one button helps ol d-aged people to begin a remote communication. However, there are still some deficiencies to be solved with the handphones. For example, blind persons have more problems with handphones than they have with traditional wired telephones because interfaces are more complicated.Furthermore, our working world has been changed by mobile telephony. Indeed, first adopters of the device were truckers, complex body part workers and maintenance engineers and the device was used as a tool for work. First affected what we can call mobile workers is the staffs that work both at the office and out of the office considering both long distances travels and short distance ones. For example, a mobile worker could be a commercial that has to find out different clients located in the same city where the office is or in another continent. Although technological facilities to be used could be different, but the situation is similar because as long as the staff is away(predicate) from the home office, c ontextual constrains become unpredictable (Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Perry et al. 2001).Handphones reinforce networked activity and allow new ways of connectivity to be more easily than other ones. For instance, in long distance travels that need at least one night away from home office, e-mail is generally checked in the veritable(a)ings, at the hotel room while the handphone is used more often and, sometimes, as a way of solving disconnection problems which is created during a trip. Moreover, mobile workers who masking short distances routinely also use the handtelephone during car travels. According to Manuel Castells et al (2004) cited Laurier (2002), the workers take advantage of certain situations and try to complete particular unfinished tasks. This includes making calls or going on with some practical and limited business when there is some time between two programmed activities. completely these activities are done despite the fact that access to documents and i nformation is usually poorer than when working in the home office.The disadvantages brought along with this fast grown development cannot be ignored. First of all, handphone that provided us safety and protection may bring opposite effects. It might attract danger, the danger of being rob. Example was interpreted from an article, A girl was seriously ill in hospital fail night after being stabbed by a gang of teen robbers for her mobile phone. The youngster was jumped by three youths as she stood at a bus stop in Croydon, South London. The gang stabbed her twice in the back and the leg, before snatching her mobile phone and running off, leaving her equivocation in a pool of blood. She was rushed to hospital suffering from a punctured lung.(Versatile, 2002) Besides that, it inflicted handphone addiction is also a big social problem. People, especially teenagers are easily attracted by the services provided by the handphones in all time. Moreover, it is a trend to get up to date han dphone copy makes people tend to change their handphone frequently and this caused unnecessary spending on bills and monetary values. After all, being fully acquainted with the handphone, people find uses, that they are able and desired to and thus it lead to another crimes call cyber crimes by abuse people using handphone. Next, some(prenominal) scientists do believe that ray of light coming from the handphones may affect our health such as headache, earaches, blurring of vision and most crucial sickness, cancer. Thus many people are advice to sink the usage of handphone although there is still no concrete evidence since this may only appear in long term of using.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS RESPONDENTS vista over IMPLICATION OF HANDPHONES TO THE SOCIETY get a line above shows the opinion of the respondents over the implication of handphones to the society. The result shows that most of the respondents agree that handphones will bring positive impact to the society. Out of atomic number 6 respondents, 73 of them believe that handphones will bring positive impact to the society while 27 of them believe that it will bring cock-a-hoop impact to the society.From the respondents of who choose handphones will bring positive impact to the society, they believe that handphones are good because it bring the people closer together. This is because they could use handphones to contact their love ones. For example, parents could use handphones to contact their children who are studying abroad or far away from their hometown to keep in touch with them. Besides that, they could use it to fill up their free time by playing games or listen to the music using their handphone. For example, people who are waiting for LRT or bus to go to work could use handphone to play some simple games or listen to the music.For the respondents who choose negative impact, they believe that handphones blow their childrens time because they become addicted to the game provided by the handpho ne manufacturer. Besides that, some of them also believe that handphone will bring negative or bad impact to the society as those students will busy SMS during the class and throw no attention to the teacher.In short, there are more respondents agree that handphones will bring positive impact to the society as compared to negative impact.WHEN STUDENTS START TO declare A HANDPHONE base on the feedback from the students, out of 100 students, 20 of them got their first handphone during chief(a) school while 7 of them reliable their first handphone after vicarious school. Besides that, as we can see from the pie graph, majority of them veritable their first handphone during unessential school.According to one of the students who received his first handphone during main(a) school, he said that due to the poor source in the school facilities, his parent was buying him a handphone so that he could make a call to them if he was in urgent. In the intelligence of care, this is corre ct but in the sense of security, this might cause green-eyed monster in between classmates and caused some conflicts.Minor of them received handphone after they gradational from the second-string school. Their reason is because their parents theorize that they are more suitable to get a handphone after they finish their secondary school as they will be more mature and mobilize wisely.As we can see from the pie chart shown above, majority of the students received their first handphone during secondary school. This is commonly happening everywhere. A lot of the parents will allow their children to own a handphone during secondary school. According to one of the students, her parent gave her handphone is due to the numbers of tuition class that she needed to attend and some other activities that she involved. Handphone make her contact her parent easily and report to them about her current location. Another reason that mentioned by a student is because some fall into a relationship during secondary school time, thus they need more privacy to talk and handphone is the solution. former(a) reason is due to the peer pressure. One convinced his/her parent to buy him/her a handphone because his/her friend had it.IS IT A NEED FOR THE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TO OWN A HANDPHONE TO CONTACT PARENTS DURING EMERGENCY?Figure above shows the opinion of respondents on whether should a child own a handphone. The result shows that 68 percent of the respondents think that the students do not need a handphone while only 32 percent of the respondents think that it is needed.The reason that the respondents think the students do not need a handphone is that the primary students are still very young and they will only abuse the handphone and use it to play games. Even if emergency really happens, the students can always consult their teachers to ask for help or contact their parents using a public telephone booth.On the other hand, the respondents who agree that primary students do need a handphone because in some of the rural school, the facilities are very limited and some school even do not have a public telephone booth. Therefore, it is more convenient for a student to own a handphone since it does not cost much to buy a handphone with a basic call function.In short, most of the respondents think that there is no need for a primary school student to own a handphone.IMPORTANCE OF HANDPHONEAccording the chart above, we can see that 10% of 100 students think that handphone is very valuable while 15% of them think that handphone is not fundamental to them. Besides that, between moderate and important, it is only 5% different which is 40% for important and 35% is for moderate.Based on the feedback from the students, they feel that handphone is important because handphone make life easier. They can contact their friends without whenever they need. Besides that, due to the service equivalent SMS, MMS, 3G that offer by the operators, handphones become a need. Other than that, handphones nowadays do allow public to install some applications like calculator, to-do-list, languages translators etc do make their life even easier and flexible. about even use handphones to watch live show or TV. Another function that comes with the handphone is the camera which is the big temptation and the reason why handphone is important for them.THE IMPORTANT OF THE FUNCTION PROVIDED BY HANDPHONE BASED ON THE RESPONDENTS OPINIONThe importance of the function provided by handphone based on the respondents opinionFigure above shows the respondents opinion over the function provided by the handphones. Based on the survey, we can see that voice call is the most important function for a handphone. Out of 100 respondents, 57% of them think that voice call should be the most important function on a handphone followed by SMS (20%), gaming (8%), music player (6%), camera (6%) ,GPS navigation (3%) and also video call (1%).Most of the respondents choose voice call as the most important function of a handphone because of the fact that the main function of a handphone is to make voice call to other person. Besides that, SMS becomes the second important function because it is convenient and cheaper way to contact other person. Moreover, gaming becomes the third most important function because nowadays, many teenagers buy sophisticate handphone such as IPhone which provides numerous free games for the user.For other function such as Camera, Music Player, GPS navigation and video call, they are just optional function and it is implemented as an extra credit for the user. Some respondents do think that camera is an important function as they could capture down those memorable moment with his handphone while others prefer music player as they like to listen to music anytime and anywhere. In short, voice call remains as the most important function of a handphone. However, more function equipped inside it will definitely attract large number of customer s to purchase it.CONCLUSIONAlmost everyone owns at least one handphone in today society. Over 50 percent of the population now owns a handphone, and the portion is growing rapidly each year. During the time when handphones hit the street many years ago, it is a fantastic and wonderful invention that brought to this world, beside providing us the ability to communicate with our beloved family, friends as well as colleagues anytime and anywhere, at the same time, it also brought along a great impact to our society, transforming our social behaviour and made a enormous cultural impact as well.Based on the results of the survey, we can clearly conclude that most people think that handphones are important to them. Handphones can be considered to be a unavoidableness nowadays. There are enormous numbers of additional functions added in the modern handphone, making life easier as well as flexible. The additional functions include are calculator, alarm, to-do-list, stopwatch and many more . Some of the handphones are just like a mini computer which can provides access to the internet if configured.Next, we can also make a conclusion that majority of the people strongly agree that handphones will bring positive impact to the society rather than negative impact. Handphone is a device that enables to bring people closer together regardless of how far the distance between both of them.Handphones bring into conception of massive social change in our lifestyle patterns and also behaviours. From the research that we have conducted, we can observed that the impact of handphone on the society vary in both positive and negative outlooks. Even though there are quite a number of negative impacts of handphone to the society. However, one cannot brood the comfort provided by handphone. With no doubt, handphones have successfully making the world look smaller than ever before.APPENDIXAssignment 1 Implication of handphones to the society today.Questionnaire1. Handphone is the mo st important and common device nowadays for communication. add up?2. According to your opinion, handphone gives positive impact or negative impact to the society? Why would you say so?a) Positive impact, because __________________________________________c) Negative impact, because __________________________________________3. When you start to own your first handphone?a) primary schoolb) secondary schoolc) after secondary school (university time or working time)4. Is it a good or bad to own a handphone during early age? Why?5. The students nowadays normally own a handphones. This is encourage by the parents in the sense that student can contact parents during emergency. Is it a need for a primary school student to own a handphone?Yes No.6. Nowadays students bring their luxury handphones to school just to show off. Agree? Yes.. No7. Some said handphone is part of the accessories for the body in nowadays. Do you agreethat?Yes. No..8. How important is the handphone to you?a. very impor tantb. importantc. moderated. not important9. Please rate from 1 to 6 most important to idle according to the function of the handphone. (Eg 1 = unimportant, 7 = most important)___ Voice call ___ Take photo ___ SMS ___ Listen to music___ GPS navigation ___ Gaming ___ telecasting CallREFERENCES* Castells, M. (2000). The Rise of the Network Society (2nd Edition).* Crabtree, J. N. (2003). MobileUK. Mobile phones and everyday life (Electronic Edition).* Ito.M., D. a. (2003). Camera Phones Changing the Definition of Picture-Worthy. Japan Media Review.* Larimer, T. (2000). What Makes DoCoMo Go. Time.* Manuel Castells, Mireia Fernandez-Ardevol, Jack Linchuan Qiu, Araba Sey. (2004). The Mobile communicating Society A cross-cultural analysis of available evidence on the social uses of wireless.* Versatile. (2002). Mobile Phones in Society/General A diabolically TREND. 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